Hyperthyroidism
- Why does hyperthyroidism lead to threatened early miscarriage?
With hyperthyroidism, your thyroid glands overproduce the two main thyroid hormones, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). As a result of high levels of T3 and T4, your entire body’s metabolism will increase, and affect your menstrual cycle. It will increase ovulation frequency and shorten the luteal phase. Shortened luteal phase might lead to luteal phase defect, leading to low levels of progesterone. Your progesterone level will not be sufficient to properly develop the chorionic villi which is responsible for ensuring a proper and safe implantation on the basal layer of the endometrium. Due to improper implantation, you run a very high risk of having a miscarriage.
- Treatment of threatened early miscarriage caused by hyperthyroidism:
Apart from supplementing your progesterone level, it is essential to treat hyperthyroidism by suppressing the secretion of thyroxine (T4) with medications such as methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) in a timely manner.
Hypothyroidism
- Why does hypothyroidism lead to threatened early miscarriage?
With hyperthyroidism, the thyroid glands produce an insufficient amount of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). When your T3 and T4 levels are too low, your pituitary gland will release more Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (TSH). As a result of low levels of T3 and T4, your entire body’s metabolism will decrease, and affect your menstrual cycle. It will cause delayed and irregular menstruation and thus lead to luteal phase defect and low levels of progesterone as well.
- Treatment of threatened early miscarriage caused by hypothyroidism:
Apart from supplementing your progesterone level, you must supplement your thyroid hormone levels with thyroid tablets or Euthyrox (levothyroxine sodium) in a timely manner.
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