Many doctors hypothesize that HLA mediated activity plays an important role in the occurrence of recurrent immunological miscarriages. HLA theory suggests that women with a history of recurrent miscarriages have a higher level of Human Leukocyte Antibody than normal. These antibodies are the ones that target the fetus upon recognizing its paternal genetic component, signalling the mother’s immune which leads to a complete rejection of the fetus, causing a miscarriage.
This supposed mechanism assumes and compares that the embryo implantation is similar to an allograft, ‘aka’ an organ transplant. An organ transplant will get rejected by the host when it recognizes its foreign HLA type (non-self) as it is directly exposed to the receiver’s medium or tissues, triggering an immune response, and rejecting the organ, leading to a transplantation rejection. This is exactly the mechanism proposed by the HLA theory in the case of recurrent miscarriages, due to a similar “transplantation rejection”; where the embryo is the foreign organ and the mother is the receiver of the organ. The crucial mistake to understand is that the fetus actually has no direct exposure to the mother’s tissue or cells, directly conflicting this theory.
The patent: US7674590B2, published in the United States, European Union and China has clearly determined that there is a biological structure known as the fibronectin layer that lines the exterior of the embryonic villi that is embedded into the endometrium upon fertilization all the way towards birth. This layer is made of glycoprotein and prevent direct contact of the embryo from maternal cells, similar to wearing a wet glove in a water tank. This fibronectin layer also acts a physical immunological barrier with selective diffusion properties, because it prevents the entrance of larger proteins such as immune cells, glycogen, lipids ; and only allows the diffusion of small molecular particles such as oxygen, H2O, amino acids, sugars, vitamins, short-chained fats and fetal wastes that is beneficial for the embryo’s growth.
This medical discovery has been patented and recognized in over 30 countries; has received the high scientific achievement award in China and is the scientific contribution of Dr Chen Fenglin, expert in the field of recurrent miscarriages.
What is unique and significant about this fibronectin layer is, that it does not trigger any antibody mediated immune reaction (due to lack of antigens on the surface) with the mother and its webbed structure (shown below) allowing selective diffusion that only permits certain particles in and out.
The picture on the left shows the webbed-like structure of the fibronectin on fetal placenta; the Picture on the right shows a naked/ exposed fetal placenta, lacking the fibronectin layer.
HLA levels whether high or low, has no correlation with the occurrence of recurrent immunological miscarriages. Because of the physical blocking of this fibronectin layer, the HLA of the mother is unable to make any recognition of the fetal cells and unable to trigger any immune response. It can be concluded with utter certainty that HLA- mediated response cannot and is not the cause of recurrent immunological miscarriage.
The real reason behind RSA is due to the absence or damaged fibronectin layer, caused by the presence of anti-embryonic antibodies. A mother who has a history of recurrent miscarriages or immunological miscarriages most likely has these antibodies in her body and must receive our effective immunotherapy at Antai Hospital to have a successful pregnancy. Click here to read more about anti-embryonic antibodies.
Antai Hospital has not only determined the cause of recurrent immunological miscarriages but has further developed an effective immunotherapy to treat this condition, securing a 95% success rate with over 400-500 patients a year. Read about the Antai’s Immunotherapy here.
If you would like to get find out more; or diagnosed and treated, schedule an appointment with us today.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US7674590B2/en?oq=us7674590b2
https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1722225B1/en?oq=us7674590b2
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN100504388C/en?oq=us7674590b2